handwritten notes of environment and natural resources-[political science] class 12th -humanities

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Handwritten Notes of Nomadic Empire- Class 11th- History

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HANDWRITTEN NOTES   CLASS 11TH 'HUMANITIES' HISTORY  Chapter 5  NOMADIC EMPIRES  Mongols:- Mongols were the nomadic tribe of modern region of Mongolia. Mongols earlier belonged to central Asia. Mongols were wandering people and divided into tribes. The tribes were constantly at war with each other.  Loot and plunder was internal part of their living. Mongolians were patriarchial in nature. Birth of son was considered as a sign of property of the family. Social background of Mongolians-   1) The Mongols were a diverse body of people. 2) Some of the Mongols were pastoralists while othere were hunter-gatherers. 3) The pastoralists tended horses, sheep, cattle, goat and camels. They nomadised in steppes of central Asia in area of modern state of Mongolia. 4) The hunter gatherers resided in North of Mongolia in Siberian forests.  5) Agriculture was possible in pastoral regions during short period of years. 6) The Mongo...
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The End Of Bipolarity - Chapter 2 - Political Science - class 12th 'humanities'

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Handwritten Notes Chapter 2 - The End Of Bipolarity  Bipolarity. It is defined as system of would order in which majority of global economic, military and cultural influences is held between two states. → came into being after socialist revolution in Russia in 1917, [ USSR = 15 different republics ] • Factors which helped the soviet Union in becoming a super- power after the second world war- →  Soviet System awak in eco. sphere. • (1) Improvement of economic condition -  Economic condition of USSR aften 2nd world war improved at large scale. It had good and improved communications network, vast energy resources - oil Iron and steel, machinery production and transport sector that connected remotest areas with efficiency. (2) Domestic consumer Industry - Soviet union had a domestic consumer industry that produced everything from pins to cars- Quality does not match with western capitalist countries → Lack of democracy and absence of freedom of speech. (3) Fac...
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Handwritten notes of Challenges of Nation Building- Political Science - Class 12

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Class 12 - Political Science  Challenges of Nation Building  Handwritten Notes  • India got independence on 14-15 August 1947.  The Speech titled "Tryst with destiny" was given by Jawahar Lal Nehru on 14-15 August 1947 at a special session of the Constituent Assembly. Two main goals After Independence were :- 1] Firstly, we must run our country through democratic government.   2] The Government must be run for good of all, particularly poor and socially disadvantaged groups. • Three challenges of Independent India were :- 1] To shape a united nation:- After the Independence, the immediate challenge was to shape a nation that was united yet accomodative of the diversity in our society. The diversities of regions, religions, languages, cultures raised serious questions about the future of India. The biggest challenge was would India survive as a unified country. (2) To establish democracy:- India adopted representative democracy based...
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