Notes of Ch1 The Indian Constitution Class 8th NCERT Civics

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Class 8th NCERT Civics 

UNIT ONE: THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION AND SECULARISM

CHAPTER 1: THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION


As a game like football, cricket, basketball every game requires rules to play it peacefully in a team, in the same way people of country require a rule book to administer a nation and live peacefully, these rules are formulated through consensus and in modern countries this consensus is usually available in written form.

What is constitution?

A set of rules and regulations on the basis of which a country or state  is administered or governed.


WHY DOES A COUNTRY NEED A CONSTITUTION ?

1.It lays down certain ideals that form the basis of country as its citizens aspire to live in .

2. It tells fundamental nature of our society.

3.It defines the nature of a country's political system.

4.It lays down rules that guard against misuse of authority by political leaders.

5.It ensures that a dominant group  does not uses its power against other

6.It prevents tyranny of majority over minority.

7.It helps us to guard against our larger interests.



GLANCE OF MAKING OF INDIAN CONSTITUTION

  • 1934-M.N Roy , a communist leader for the first time put forward the idea of constituent assembly.
  • 1938-jawaharlal Nehru officially declared that Indian constitution will be made constituent assembly without any outside interference.
  • During second world war concept of independent constituent assembly gained momentum and in nov.1946 constituent assembly was formed.
  • Between dec.1946 and nov.1949 constitution was drafted for independent India.


The Indian constitution: Key features

1.Federalism:Meaning of federalism is having mare than one level of government in the country. In India there is govt. at center level, state level and local self level(Panchayati raj).each tier of govt. have their lists on which they can make laws. Under federalism states are not merely agents of federal govt. but draw authority from constitution .

2.Parliamentary form of government:- Parliament is group of representatives who can make and change laws .these representatives are directly elected by people of their respective constituencies .these representatives are directly accountable to the people. Universal adult suffrage which means right to vote, in India everyone who is above 18 has right to vote, this encouraged democratic mindset.

3.Separation of powers:- There are three organs of state -legislature(makes laws),executive(implements laws),judiciary( checks implemented laws ).each organ acts as a check on the other organs of state and it ensures balance of power  between all three.

4.Fundamental rights: fundamental rights are referred as conscience of Indian constitution. Fundamental rights protect citizens against arbitrary and absolute exercise of power by the state.

Two things which Ambedkar said about fundamental rights:

1.Every citizen must be in position to claim those rights.

2.These rights must be binding on every authority who got the power.



  • Six fundamental rights are:

1.Right to equality

2.Right to freedom

3.Right against exploitation

4.Rigt to freedom of religion

5.Cultural and educational rights

6.Right to constitutional remedies

5.directive principles of state policy: these DPSP are guidelines given to states to institute laws and policies the help to reduce poverty of masses by constitution  to ensure greater social and economic reforms.

6.secularism:- India is a secular state which does not promotes any religion as its official religion as the state religion. India also provides a fundamental right -right to freedom of religion.


The link provided below is of  my video where i have explained this chapter "The Indian Constitution " in detail.

Here you go- 

PART I - https://youtu.be/vBEuFejAZDA

The Indian Constitution Class 8th NCERT Civics By Anju Choudhary 

Part I 



PART II - https://youtu.be/1o-xzcu4ico

Here is Part II - 



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